Proper Use of Antibiotics

Antibiotics: Understanding Their Use and Misuse

Antibiotics are medications designed to treat bacterial infections in humans and animals. They either kill bacteria or inhibit their growth and multiplication. The term “antibiotic” originates from the Greek words “anti” (against) and “biotikos” (concerning life). Antibiotics disrupt critical processes or structures within bacterial cells, enabling the body’s immune system to combat the infection.

Methods of Administration

• Orally: Pills, capsules, or liquids
• Topically: Creams, sprays, or ointments applied to the skin
• Injection/Intravenously (IV): Generally for more severe infections

Common Mistakes When Using Antibiotics for Viral Infections

• Ineffectiveness: Antibiotics do not work on the common cold, cough, measles, or flu.
• Potential Harm: Antibiotics may not alleviate flu symptoms and can prolong or worsen the illness.
• False Security: They won’t prevent spreading viral infections to others.
• Side Effects: Misuse can cause harmful side effects.
• Resistance Development: Misusing antibiotics can lead to antibiotic-resistant bacteria and harm beneficial bacteria in the body.

Antibiotics are needed for certain types of infections. When should you take them, and when should you not?

Virus Infection seen in the following common conditions SHOULD NOT need Antibiotics:

• Runny Nose or Common Cold,
• Sore Throat (except Strep)
• Flu

Antibiotics SHOULD be taken for these bacterial infections:

• Strep Throat
• Whooping Cough
• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Some conditions may or may not require antibiotics, depending on whether a viral or bacterial infection causes them.  For example, 

• middle ear infection (otitis media)
• chest cold or bronchitis
• sinus infection

What are the Consequences of Antibiotic Resistance?

• More Severe Illnesses
• Prolonged Recovery Times
• Increased Hospital Stays
• Frequent Visits to Healthcare Providers
• Higher Treatment Costs

Do’s and Don’ts when taking antibiotics:

Best Practices for Antibiotic Use

• Use Only When Necessary: Take antibiotics solely for bacterial infections, such as strep throat.
• Allow Time: Expect improvement in symptoms within 2-3 days, with some severe conditions requiring up to two weeks.

7-Ways to Reduce Antibiotic Resistance

• Consult Your Doctor: Never pressure your physician for antibiotics; seek advice for symptom relief instead.
• Adhere to Prescriptions: Take the prescribed dosage; more does not hasten recovery.
• Complete the Course: Don’t skip doses or stop early unless your physician advises.
• Follow Instructions: Adhere to your physician’s guidelines for antibiotic use.
• Avoid Misuse: Overuse or misuse can lead to resistant bacteria.
• Do Not Share: Never use antibiotics prescribed for someone else or save leftovers for future use.
• Proper Disposal: Discard leftover medication safely, following FDA tips and DEA guidelines for disposal sites.

You can prevent infections with healthy habits – 

• Hand Hygiene: Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
• Wound Care: Clean cuts or wounds with antiseptic solutions.
• Food Safety: Wash fruits and vegetables, avoid raw milk, cook foods to safe temperatures, and avoid raw or undercooked meats, eggs, and animal proteins.