6 Smart Ways to Prevent Heatstroke in Seniors This Summer

Sunny summer days are enjoyable, but we must be cautious of the bright sun, which can pose risks. “Heat illnesses can be very serious, and it’s important to recognize the symptoms,” warns emergency medicine physician Thomas Waters, MD. Heatstroke is a critical and potentially fatal condition, particularly for older adults whose bodies may have difficulty regulating temperature. As a caregiver, it’s essential to identify early signs and take preventive measures to safeguard seniors during hot weather.

Differences between Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke 

Heat exhaustion and heatstroke result from overheating, but heatstroke is a more severe and life-threatening emergency. “Heat illnesses can be very serious, and it’s important to recognize the symptoms,” says emergency medicine physician Thomas Waters, MD, at the Cleveland Clinic.

Heat exhaustion is a less severe condition characterized by the body’s difficulty in regulating its temperature. It often results from prolonged exposure to high temperatures, inadequate fluid intake, and excessive sweating. Symptoms include profuse sweating, cool and clammy skin, dizziness, headaches, nausea, muscle cramps, and weakness. While it is less serious than heatstroke, prompt attention with resting and rehydration can reverse the condition. Immediate treatment involves relocating to a cooler environment, taking a break, rehydrating, and applying cool compresses. 

Heatstroke occurs when the body’s temperature increases rapidly, the sweating system fails, and the body can no longer cool itself. Symptoms include a core body temperature exceeding 104°F (40°C), altered mental status (such as confusion, delirium, or seizures), and hot, dry skin. This condition is a life-threatening medical emergency that necessitates immediate medical intervention. For immediate treatment, call 911 or your local emergency number. While awaiting help, move the individual to a cooler area, apply cool compresses, and provide chilled fluids if the person is conscious. 

Why Seniors Are More Susceptible to Heatstroke 

Decreased Sweating and Reduced Thirst Sensation: As people age, sweat glands and their ability to function effectively decrease, making it harder for the body to cool down through sweating. Usually, the senior will not drink because they don’t feel thirsty, leading to dehydration and further hindering the body’s ability to regulate temperature.

Chronic Health Conditions and Impaired Body Temperature Regulation: The body’s ability to regulate temperature effectively declines with age, making it more challenging to cope with extreme heat. Another reason to increase their susceptibility to heat-related illnesses is that they have conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, or kidney problems, which can impact their ability to regulate temperature. 

Medications: Medications taken by seniors can affect the body’s ability to regulate temperature and inhibit sweating. Several types of medications are known to reduce sweating. These include anticholinergics, certain antidepressants, beta-blockers, and topical solutions. Anticholinergics, such as glycopyrrolate and oxybutynin, block the nerve signals that stimulate sweat glands. Some antidepressants and beta-blockers, like propranolol, can also decrease sweating, especially in situations related to anxiety. 

Topical solutions that contain aluminum chloride are key ingredients in some prescription-strength antiperspirants. Aluminum chloride works by creating a plug in the sweat ducts, which prevents sweat from reaching the skin’s surface. Moreover, Botulinum toxin injections, commonly known as Botox, can be used to block nerve signals and reduce sweating in specific areas.

Reduced Mobility and Isolation: Seniors may have difficulty leaving their place, accessing cool environments, or asking for help if they experience symptoms of heat-related illness. 

Top Signs and Symptoms of Heatstroke 

Early recognition saves lives. Warning signs can include:

• A body temperature of 103°F (39.4°C) or higher
• Confusion, dizziness, or disorientation
• Hot, dry skin (no sweating) or profuse sweating
• Headache, nausea, or vomiting
• Rapid and strong pulse
• shallow breathing
• Fainting or unconsciousness

6 Effective Strategies to Prevent Heatstroke

1. Recognize Their Health and Medication Risks

Consult your loved one’s doctor regarding medications that may impact their heat tolerance. Inquire whether common remedies (like sports drinks, juices, and additional water) are advisable, especially for those on sodium-restricted diets or with heart or kidney issues.

2. Encourage Hydration and Suitable Clothing

Advocate for sipping water throughout the day—avoid cold water that might lead to cramping. Recommend breathable, loose-fitting attire, steering clear of dark, heavy fabrics. If they feel chilly indoors, suggest using a light towel or shawl instead of extra layers.

3. Cool Down Living Areas

Utilize blackout curtains or mylar window sheets to block out heat. Stay on lower floors, which tend to be cooler than upper levels. Consider investing in or renting a portable air conditioner; several community resources offer assistance to seniors in obtaining cooling devices.

4. Seek Cooler Locations When Necessary

If the home isn’t cool enough, head to air-conditioned places such as:

• Senior or community centers
• Shopping malls or large retail stores
• Public libraries
• Coffee shops or fast-casual restaurants
• Friend or family members’ homes

Note: Just a few hours in an air-conditioned environment can significantly lower core body temperature.

5. Exercise Caution with Fans

Fans can aid in air circulation, but when temperatures soar into the high 90s, they may create a misleading sense of coolness. The CDC advises only using fans when temperatures are below 95°F (35°C). When it gets too hot, opt for cooling methods such as wet cloths, sponge baths, or showers.

6. Regular Check-Ins:

If the senior resides alone, ensure that neighbors or family members are available to check on them. When visiting, bring some cold juices, popsicles, or smoothies to encourage fluid intake. If you suspect someone is suffering from heat stroke, call 911 without delay.

Print this one-page heat illness tip sheet and Heat-Stroke-for-caregiver-document from the Arizona Department of Health Services. It includes guidance on recognizing heat-related issues and how to prevent and treat them.